Decoding the Enigma: A Deep Dive into the /home/000~ROOT~000/ Directory
Introduction
In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, analyzing and understanding vulnerabilities is crucial. I spend much of my time analyzing CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)on GO-TO CVE, while my friend Emad, also known as Arganex-Emad, focuses on WordPress CVEs. Emad is a dedicated security researcher, constantly exploring the landscape of WordPress security to uncover potential risks and help fortify the internet.
Recently, our paths converged in an intriguing exploration that took us through various servers and led to a significant discovery: the hidden directory path /home/000~ROOT~000/. What started as a casual investigation turned into an eye-opening journey, revealing critical insights into server security and leading to contributions that benefited the entire cybersecurity community.
The Discovery of /home/000~ROOT~000/
Our adventure began with Emad and I exploring numerous servers. It was during one of these explorations that we stumbled upon a peculiar directory path: /home/000~ROOT~000/. At first, we weren’t sure what to make of it. The path was unconventional, and its existence sparked our curiosity. Could this be a trap? Was it a honeypot designed to lure in curious attackers?
/home/000~ROOT~000/What is a Honeypot?
Before diving further into our findings, it’s essential to understand what a honeypot is, especially since we initially thought we had encountered one.
A honeypot is a decoy system or network designed to mimic a legitimate target for cyber attackers. Its primary purpose is to attract and trap hackers, enabling security professionals to study their methods and gather valuable intelligence. Honeypots are set up with intentional vulnerabilities, making them appear as easy targets. However, instead of gaining access to real data or systems, attackers find themselves in an environment where their actions are closely monitored and recorded.
There are various types of honeypots:
- Production Honeypots: Used by companies to divert attackers from real systems and gather intelligence on potential threats.
- Research Honeypots: Deployed by researchers to study attack methods and develop better defensive measures.
When we first stumbled upon the /home/000~ROOT~000/ directory, its unusual nature made us suspect that it might be a honeypot—a trap set to lure in and analyze potential intruders. However, as we explored further, we realized this was not the case.
Diving Deeper: The True Nature of /home/000~ROOT~000/
As we ventured into the directory, we discovered it led to actual directory listings containing sensitive information across various websites. Instead of a honeypot, this path was an oversight by administrators who had inadvertently exposed critical data. This directory held files such as database credentials, salts, and other crucial information that, if exploited, could lead to severe security breaches.
/home/000~ROOT~000/ directory
Utilizing Dorks for Deeper Insights
Realizing the potential impact of this discovery, we began crafting specific search queries, known as “dorks,” to find more instances of this directory across the web. These dorks, when used on search engines like Google, Shodan, and Fofa, revealed an astonishing number of vulnerable websites.
Some of the dorks we used included:
- Shodan Dork:
"http.html:"/000~ROOT~000 - Google Dork:
inurl:/home/000~ROOT~000 - Variant Dork:
inurl:/****/000~ROOT~000(with****representing various keywords)
By leveraging these dorks, we could identify sites that exposed crucial files such as /etc/passwd, which is a major security risk. Each discovery highlighted the importance of securing directory paths and the dangers of leaving such paths exposed.
Reporting the Vulnerabilities
With great power comes great responsibility. After uncovering these vulnerabilities, our immediate concern was the security of the affected websites. Together with Emad, we took steps to report these issues to the site administrators. Reporting security vulnerabilities is a critical practice that helps prevent potential exploitation by malicious actors.
Our reporting didn’t stop there. We decided to contribute our findings to the wider cybersecurity community. We collaborated on a Nuclei template, a tool that automates the process of identifying these vulnerable directories. With Emad’s help, we submitted the template to the ProjectDiscovery Nuclei Templates repository on GitHub. The pull request was accepted, and the template is now available to the entire cybersecurity community.
id: root-path-disclosure
info:
name: ROOT Path Disclosure
author: soltanali0,ArganexEmad
severity: high
description: |
Detects potential exposure of sensitive file paths like /000~ROOT~000/.
metadata:
verified: true
max-request: 4
tags: misconfig,exposure,info-leak,listing
http:
- method: GET
path:
- "{{BaseURL}}/home/000~ROOT~000/etc/passwd"
- "{{BaseURL}}/000~ROOT~000/etc/passwd"
- "{{BaseURL}}/OLDS/home/000~ROOT~000/etc/passwd"
- "{{BaseURL}}/app/webroot/files/kcfinder/files/home/000~ROOT~000/etc/passwd"
stop-at-first-match: true
matchers-condition: and
matchers:
- type: regex
part: body
regex:
- "root:.*:0:0:"
- type: status
status:
- 200You can find our contribution here: Nuclei Template Contribution
Conclusion
This journey with Emad through the hidden paths of the internet taught us valuable lessons about cybersecurity. It emphasized the importance of vigilance in securing server directories and the role that ethical hackers can play in improving internet safety. By sharing our findings and tools with the community, we hope to help prevent future vulnerabilities and encourage responsible exploration of cyberspace.
In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, discoveries like these remind us that there’s always more to learn, explore, and secure. Our adventure may have started with a single directory path, but it has opened doors to a deeper understanding of the digital world’s complexities.
This was our story — a tale of curiosity, discovery, and responsibility. The internet is vast, and its hidden corners can reveal much to those willing to explore, but with exploration comes the duty to protect and report. We hope our experience inspires others in cybersecurity to continue their pursuit of knowledge and always to use their skills for the greater good.
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#Cybersecurity #EthicalHacking #CVEAnalysis #WordPressSecurity #Honeypot #SecurityResearch #DataProtection #DigitalSecurity #InfoSec #VulnerabilityDiscovery #Hacking #PenTesting #NucleiTemplates
